Molecular Formula | C42H70O12 |
Molar Mass | 767 |
Density | 1.27±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted) |
Boling Point | 854.5±65.0 °C(Predicted) |
Solubility | Soluble in water, hot methanol, ethanol and other solvents, insoluble in petroleum ether. |
Appearance | White amorphous powder |
pKa | 12.85±0.70(Predicted) |
Storage Condition | 2-8°C |
MDL | MFCD28124355 |
Physical and Chemical Properties | White powder, soluble in methanol, ethanol, DMSO and other organic solvents, derived from ginseng. |
In vitro study | Ginsenoside Rk1 (0-40 μM; 6 hours) inhibits MCP-1 and TNF-α mRNA induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), expression of IL-1β is inhibited at 40 μM. Ginsenoside Rk1 (0-40 μM; 24 hours) inhibits phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 (Tyr705 and Ser727) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Ginsenoside Rk1 (0-160 μM; 48 hours) results in cell viability significant decrease 75.52 ± 2.51% (40 μM), 52.72 ± 2.54% (80 μM), 17.41 ± 2.94% (120 μM)and 12.63 ± 3.24% (160 μM) compared with control. Ginsenoside Rk1 (0-120 μM; 24 hours) increases G0/G1 phase proportion accompanied with S and G2/M phase proportion decrease in MDA-MB-231 cells. Ginsenoside Rk1 (0-120 μM; 24 hours) promotes the percentage of apoptotic cells in a dose-dependent manner, exhibits to reduction of cell number with nucleus fragmentation, condensation and apoptotic body formation. RT-PCR Cell Line: RAW264.7 cells Concentration: 10 μM, 20 μM, 40 μM Incubation Time: 6 hours Result: Inhibited JAK2-dependent STAT3 activation in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. Western Blot Analysis Cell Line: RAW264.7 cells Concentration: 10 μM, 20 μM, 40 μM Incubation Time: 6 hours Result: Inhibited JAK2-dependent STAT3 activation in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells Cell Viability Assay Cell Line: MDA-MB-231 cells Concentration: 0 μM, 40 μM, 80 μM, 120 μM Incubation Time: 48 hours Result: Inhibited MDA-MB-231 cells proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Cell Cycle Analysis Cell Line: MDA-MB-231 cells Concentration: 0 μM, 40 μM, 80 μM, 120 μM Incubation Time: 24 hours Result: Induced G0/G1 phase arrest. Apoptosis Analysis Cell Line: MDA-MB-231 cells Concentration: 0 μM, 40 μM, 80 μM, 120 μM Incubation Time: 24 hours Result: Induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. |
Reference Show more | 1. Gao Yanxia, Su Juan, Jin Huizi. Study on fingerprint of red ginseng by high performance liquid chromatography [J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical Practice, 2016(34):249-251. 2. Dong Kunyuan, Yu Yu, Xiong Jin Road, etc. Study on fingerprint of red ginseng based on high performance liquid chromatography and chemometrics [J]. Journal of Food Safety and quality testing, 2019, 010(021):7316-7321. 3. Shao Zijun, Li Zhiman, Yu Pengcheng, Chen Jianbo, Li Shanshan, Sun Yinshi. Transformation of rare ginsenosides from Panax notoginseng flower by amino acids and effects of extracts on activity of RAW264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide [J]. Chinese herbal medicine, 2021,52(03):702-710. 4. Zhang Na, Huang Xin, Guo Yunlong, Yue Hao, Liu Shuying. Distribution of ginsenosides in panax ginseng from different habitats based on multi-index statistical analysis UPLC-QQQ-MS [J]. Specialty research, 2020,42(06):48-54. 5. Jiahong Han et al. [IF = 6.06]. "Compatibility effects of ginsen and Ligustrum lucidum Ait herb pair in mice recovery with cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppersion and its material basis." J ginsen Res. 2020 Mar;44:291 6. [IF = 5.34] Ji Ye et al."A novel and effective mode-switching triple quadrupole mass spectrometric approach for simultaneous quantification of fifteen ginsenosides in Panax ginseng."Phytomedicine. 2018 May;44:164 7. [IF=5.34] Shan-Shan Zhou et al."Stronger anti-obesity effect of white ginseng over red ginseng and the potential mechanisms involving chemically structural/compositional specificity to gut microbiota."Phytomedicine. 2020 Aug;74:152761 8. [IF=3.935] Shan-Shan Zhou et al."Synchronous characterization of carbohydrates and ginsenosides yields deeper insights into the processing chemistry of ginseng."J Pharmaceut Biomed. 2017 Oct;145:59 9. [IF=4.411] Jianbo Chen et al."Neuroprotective Effects of Red Ginseng Saponins in Scopolamine-Treated Rats and Activity Screening Based on Pharmacokinetics."Molecules. 2019 Jan;24(11):2136 10. [IF=4.142] Wang Chenxi et al."Rapid discovery of potential ADR compounds from injection of total saponins from Panax notoginseng using data-independent acquisition untargeted metabolomics."Analytical And Bioanalytical Chemistry. 2021 Oct 26 11. [IF=3.645] Mengmeng Jia et al."UHPLC coupled with mass spectrometry and chemometric analysis of Kang-Ai injection based on the chemical characterization, simultaneous quantification and relative quantification of 47 herbal alkaloids and saponins."J Sep Sci. 2020 Ju 12. [IF=3.503] Jiajia Dong et al."Comparative pharmacokinetic analysis of raw and steamed Panax notoginseng roots in rats by UPLC-MS/MS for simultaneously quantifying seven saponins."Pharm Biol. 2021;59(1):653-661 13. [IF=3.361] Yuhao Zhang et al."An integrated approach for structural characterization of Gui Ling Ji by traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry and molecular network."Rsc Adv. 2021 Apr;11(26):15546-15556 14. [IF=3.105] Zhao Yan et al.Protopanaxadiol and Protopanaxatriol Ginsenosides Can Protect Against Aconitine-induced Injury in H9c2 Cells by Maintaining Calcium Homeostasis and Activating the AKT Pathway.J Cardiovasc Pharm. 2021 Nov;78(5):e690-e702 15. [IF=6.06] Qingxia Huang et al."Major ginsenosides from Panax ginseng promote aerobic cellular respiration and SIRT1-mediated mitochondrial biosynthesis in cardiomyocytes and neurons."J Ginseng Res. 2022 Feb;: 16. [IF=6.576] Zhi-man Li et al."Transformation Mechanism of Rare Ginsenosides in American Ginseng by Different Processing Methods and Antitumour Effects."Frontiers in Nutrition. 2022; 9: 833859 17. [IF=1.885] Guo Na et al."Comparison of the Saponins in Three Processed American Ginseng Products by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Orbitrap Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Multivariate Statistical Analysis."International Journal of Analytical Ch |
Use | Rk2 is generally obtained by hydrolyzing the ginsenoside diol group, but the hydrolyzing component is complex and is not conducive to separation and accurate identification of the structure. In this paper, high purity ginsenoside Rk2 was hydrolyzed by enzymatic method, and the hydrolysate was confirmed by high resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. for content determination/identification/pharmacological experiments. Pharmacological effects: anti-cancer, improve immune function, regulate the nervous system. ginsenoside Rk1 is one of the components extracted from steamed ginseng, which has anti-tumor biological activity. |
efficacy and function | ginsenoside Rk2 can effectively inhibit tumor cell growth and induce differentiation of cancer cells, with anti-infiltration and anti-metastasis effect. |
biological activity | Ginsenoside Rk1 Ginsenoside Rk1 is a high temperature processing extract of ginseng. Ginsenoside Rk1 has anti-inflammatory effects, inhibiting the activation of Jak2/Stat3 signaling pathway and NF-κB. Ginsenoside Rk1 has anti-tumor effect, anti-platelet aggregation activity, anti-inflammatory effect, anti-insulin resistance, renal protective effect, antibacterial effect, cognitive function enhancement, reduction of lipid accumulation and prevention of osteoporosis. Ginsenoside Rk1 induces apoptosis by triggering intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and blocking the PI3K/Akt pathway. |
in vitro study | Ginsenoside Rk1 (0-40μm; 6 hours) inhibit MCP-1 and TNF-α mRNA induced by lipopolysaccamide (LPS), expression of il-1βis inhibited at 40 μm. Ginsenoside Rk1 (0-40 μm; 24 hours) inhibit its phosphate of JAK2 and STAT3 (Tyr705 and Ser727) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Ginsenoside Rk1 (0-160 μM; 48 hours) results in cell viability significant decrease 75.52 ± 2.51% (40 μM), 52.72 ± 2.54% (80 μM), 17.41 ± 2.94% (120 μM)and 12.63 ± 3.24% (160 μM) compared with control. Ginsenoside Rk1 (0-120 μM; 24 hours) increases G0/G1 phase proportion accompanied with S and G2/M phase proportion decrease in MDA-MB-231 cells. Ginsenoside Rk1 (0-120 μM; 24 hours) promotes the percentage of apoptotic cells in a dose-dependent manner, exhibits to reduction of cell number with nucleus fragmentation, condensation and apoptotic body formation. RT-PCR Cell Line: RAW264.7 cells Concentration: 10 μM, 20 μM, 40 μM Incubation Time: 6 hours Result: Inhibited JAK2-dependent STAT3 activation in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. Western Blot Analysis Cell Line: RAW264.7 cells Concentration: 10 μM, 20 μM, 40 μM Incubation Time: 6 hours Result: Inhibited JAK2-dependent STAT3 activation in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells Cell Viability Assay Cell Line: MDA-MB-231 cells Concentration: 0 μM, 40 μM, 80 μM, 120 μM Incubation Time: 48 hours Result: Inhibited MDA-MB-231 cells proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Cell Cycle Analysis Cell Line: MDA-MB-231 cells Concentration: 0 μM 40 μM, 80 μM, 120 μM Incubation Time: 24 hours Result: Induced G0/G1 phase arrest. Apoptosis Analysis Cell Line: MDA-MB-231 cells Concentration: 0 μM, 40 μM, 80 μM, 120 μM Incubation Time: 24 hours Result: Induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. |
Cell Line: | RAW264.7 cells RAW264.7 cells MDA-MB-231 cells MDA-MB-231 cells MDA-MB-231 cells |
Concentration: | 10 μM, 20 μM, 40 μM 10 μM, 20 μM, 40 μM 0 μM, 40 μM, 80 μM, 120 μM 0 μM, 40 μM, 80 μM, 120 μM 0 μM, 40 μM, 80 μM, 120 μM |
Incubation Time: | 6 hours 6 hours 48 hours 24 hours 24 hours |
Result: | Inhibited JAK2-dependent STAT3 activation in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. Inhibited JAK2-dependent STAT3 activation in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells Inhibited MDA-MB-231 cells proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Induced G0/G1 phase arrest. Induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. |
Chemical properties | white powder, soluble in methanol, ethanol, DMSO and other organic solvents, derived from ginseng. |